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Sonic hedgehog specifies flight feather positional information in avian wings.

Lara Busby1, Cristina Aceituno2, Caitlin McQueen1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.

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Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling in chick embryos specifies flight feather development. This process co-opts digit patterning, revealing a key step in the evolution of avian flight.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Early chick embryo experiments suggest limb development signals specify feather identity and position.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind feather patterning is crucial for evolutionary insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling in specifying positional information for flight feather formation in embryonic chick wings.
  • To identify the gene regulatory networks involved in Shh-mediated feather patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Classical tissue recombination experiments in chick embryos.
  • Analysis of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathways.
  • Examination of Sim1 and Zic transcription factor expression patterns.

Main Results:

  • Shh signaling specifies positional information for adult flight feather formation in a spatiotemporal manner.
  • Shh signaling is translated into distinct Sim1 and Zic transcription factor expression patterns.
  • Evidence for a gene regulatory network controlling flight feather patterning.

Conclusions:

  • Shh signaling is a key determinant of flight feather identity and position during embryonic development.
  • The findings suggest that flight feather specification utilized pre-existing digit patterning mechanisms.
  • This study uncovers a fundamental embryonic process contributing to the evolution of avian flight.