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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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[Acute myeloid leukemia stem cells].

Susumu Goyama1

  • 1Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo.

[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal of Clinical Hematology
|May 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The leukemia stem cell (LSC) model explains how acute myeloid leukemia (AML) develops and recurs. Research highlights LSC dormancy, specific markers, and signaling pathways crucial for targeting AML therapies.

Keywords:
Clonal evolutionLeukemia stem cellPre-leukemic HSCsTumor immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The leukemia stem cell (LSC) model is central to understanding acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis.
  • LSCs are implicated in leukemogenesis, disease recurrence, and serve as therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on LSCs in AML.
  • To discuss challenges in translating LSC research into clinical benefits for AML patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental evidence supporting the LSC model in human AML.
  • Analysis of LSC characteristics including dormancy, cell surface markers (CD34+, CD38-, CD123, CD47, TIM-3), and signaling pathways (WNT/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/FOXO).
  • Consideration of genetic heterogeneity and immune evasion strategies of LSCs.

Main Results:

  • LSCs in AML exhibit a dormant state and are enriched in the CD34+CD38- subpopulation.
  • LSCs rely on specific signaling pathways and mitochondrial respiration for survival.
  • LSCs are genetically diverse and can evade host antitumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding LSC biology is critical for developing effective AML therapies.
  • Future research should focus on overcoming LSC heterogeneity and immune evasion to improve patient outcomes.