Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and function in the mammalian reproductive Tract

Area of Science:

• Reproductive biology and neuroendocrinology.
• Molecular and cellular mechanisms of reproductive function.

Background:

• Neurotrophins, particularly nerve growth factor family members, are known for their roles in the central nervous system.
• Emerging evidence indicates neurotrophins and their receptors are present and functional within the reproductive tract.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the literature on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high-affinity receptor, neurotrophin receptor kinase-2 (NTRK2), in reproductive physiology.
• To elucidate the role of BDNF and NTRK2 as central regulatory proteins throughout the male and female reproductive systems.

Main Methods:

• A systematic inductive qualitative review of the scientific literature.
• Electronic searches of Medline (PubMed) and Web of Science databases.
• Data collection and analysis focused on articles published between January 2018 and February 2019 regarding BDNF and the reproductive system.

Main Results:

• BDNF is implicated in ovarian development, follicle recruitment, oocyte maturation, and endometrial proliferation and neurogenesis.
• Estradiol is a primary regulator of BDNF expression, with additional regulatory elements identified in the BDNF gene promoter.
• Dysregulation of BDNF and NTRK2 is associated with reproductive disorders like premature ovarian failure, endometriosis, pre-eclampsia, IUGR, and reproductive cancers.

Conclusions:

• BDNF and its receptors are key regulatory proteins essential for gonadal development, ovarian and uterine function, and embryo/placenta development.
• The dysregulation of BDNF-NTRK2 signaling in reproductive diseases highlights their potential as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets.