Web-Based Intervention Effects on Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on Apolipoprotein E Genotype: Quasi-Experimental...

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Genetics
• Gerontology

Background:

• Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a significant genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
• Computer-based training programs show promise in enhancing cognitive function among older adults.
• The impact of such interventions on MCI patients carrying the APOE ε4 allele remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of different web-based interventions on cognitive function in individuals with MCI.
• To examine potential differences in training outcomes based on APOE ε4 allele status.

Main Methods:

• A quasi-experimental study involving 202 participants (aged 60+) with MCI.
• Intervention groups included physical and cognitive (LLM), cognitive (AC), and physical (PTC) training via an exergaming platform.
• Participants were stratified by APOE ε4 carrier status, with pre- and post-intervention neuropsychological evaluations, blood tests, and brain imaging.

Main Results:

• All interventions led to significant cognitive improvements in verbal learning, working memory, and long-term memory.
• No single intervention demonstrated superior overall effectiveness.
• APOE ε4 carriers showed specific improvements in processing speed (LLM) and working memory (PTC), with no gains in the cognitive AC group.

Conclusions:

• No intervention was definitively optimal for all MCI patients.
• Combined physical and cognitive training or physical training via exergaming may offer greater benefits for the APOE ε4+ MCI subgroup.
• Further research is needed to tailor interventions for specific genetic profiles in MCI.