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Global Sulfur Dioxide Emissions and the Driving Forces.
Qirui Zhong1, Huizhong Shen1, Xiao Yun1
1College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
Global sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions are increasingly driven by developing nations. While activity growth is a major factor, effective control measures are crucial for future reductions.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Atmospheric Chemistry
- Public Health
Background:
- Sulfur dioxide (SO2) poses significant environmental and public health risks globally.
- Satellite data reveals dynamic SO2 emission changes, often uncaptured by traditional bottom-up inventories, especially in developing nations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate global SO2 emissions from 1960-2014 at high spatial resolution (0.1° × 0.1°).
- To analyze the drivers of historical SO2 emission changes, differentiating between activity growth and control measures.
- To identify shifts in emission contributions between developed and developing countries.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the latest data on emission activities, control measures, and emission factors.
- Developed two counterfactual scenarios to isolate the impacts of activity growth and control policies.
- Estimated global SO2 emissions on a 0.1° × 0.1° grid for 1960-2014.
Main Results:
- Overall, emission activity growth has been the primary driver of global SO2 changes.
- Control measure deployment is increasingly influential in mitigating SO2 emissions.
- The dominant source of SO2 emissions has shifted from developed countries (61% in the 1960s) to developing countries (83% currently).
- China's stringent controls are a key factor in the recent global SO2 emission decline.
Conclusions:
- Developing countries exhibit varied mitigation strategies and SO2 emission trends.
- Future global SO2 emission reductions depend on implementing effective controls in developing nations lacking current measures.
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