Comparison of characteristics and outcomes for type A aortic dissection surgery by Māori, Pasifika or other...

Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition frequently requiring emergency surgery. Key risk factors include hypertension and aortopathy syndromes; however, possible ethnic associations and differences in presentation and outcomes are less well established. We compared characteristics and outcomes of type A aortic dissection surgery by ethnicity.

Consecutive patients having type A aortic dissection surgery at Auckland City Hospital March 2003-March 2017 were divided into three ethnic groups: Māori, Pasifika and 'other', and analysed for characteristics, presentation and outcomes.

Among 327 patients, 45 (14%) were Māori, 91 (28%) were Pasifika Islander and 191 (58%) were other ethnicities. Mean age was lowest for Māori 51+/-12 years, then Pasifika 56+/-12 and other ethnicities 63+/-13 (P<0.001). Māori and Pasifika ethnicities had higher body mass index, more hypertension, dyslipidaemia and smoking, but lower proportion presenting in critical pre-operative state. Operative mortality occurred in 5 (11%), 18 (20%) and 42 (22%) for Māori, Pasifika and other ethnicities (P=0.258). Pasifika had higher age-standardised operative mortality standardised mortality ratio 6.00, 95% confidence interval 3.67-9.30 than 'other' ethnicities, while Māori had higher age-standardised late mortality 5.71, 2.90-10.2 respectively, and the latter association persisted in multivariable analysis. Critical pre-operative state and malperfusion syndrome independently predicted operative mortality.

Māori and Pasifika patients were younger and present less unwell with type A aortic dissection, but had higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. They had higher age-standardised late and operative mortality respectively, suggesting that aggressive management and risk factor control are critical for these patients.