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Symptom continuum reported by affective disorder patients through a structure-validated questionnaire.

Fanjia Guo1, Jingyi Cai1, Yanli Jia1

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Summary

Patients with major depressive (MDD), bipolar I (BD I), and bipolar II (BD II) disorders confirmed an affective continuum. Their self-reports clarified the distinct positions of MDD, BD I, and BD II on this spectrum.

Keywords:
Bipolar I and II disordersFactor analysesMajor depressive disorderPatient reportSymptom continuum

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Affective Neuroscience

Background:

  • Affective disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar I (BD I), and bipolar II (BD II) disorders exist on a continuum.
  • The precise differentiation and localization of these conditions remain unclear.
  • Patient self-reports offer a valuable tool for clarifying these distinctions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the affective continuum in major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar I (BD I), and bipolar II (BD II) disorders.
  • To identify the specific locations of MDD, BD I, and BD II along this continuum using patient self-reports.
  • To develop a validated inventory for assessing affective states.

Main Methods:

  • 1402 participants (738 healthy volunteers, 207 BD I, 265 BD II, 192 MDD) completed a 79-item questionnaire on affective states.
  • Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to develop a structure-validated inventory.
  • A six-domain inventory was created: Overactivation, Psychomotor Acceleration, Distraction/Impulsivity, Hopelessness, Retardation, and Suicide Tendency.

Main Results:

  • A structure-validated inventory with six domains was successfully developed.
  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients scored highest on Retardation, Hopelessness, and Suicide Tendency.
  • Bipolar I (BD I) patients exhibited the highest scores for Distraction/Impulsivity and Overactivation.

Conclusions:

  • Patient self-reports confirm an affective continuum ranging from Suicide Tendency to Overactivation.
  • The study successfully differentiated the loci of MDD, BD I, and BD II on this affective continuum.
  • Findings contribute to a clearer understanding of the relationships between different affective disorders.