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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Magnetic Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents.

Ashish Avasthi1, Carlos Caro1, Esther Pozo-Torres2

  • 1BIONAND - Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía-Universidad de Málaga, C/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590, Málaga, Spain.

Topics in Current Chemistry (Cham)
|May 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) offer a biocompatible, functionalizable alternative for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Research explores IONPs for cancer diagnosis and detecting other conditions like brain inflammation and thrombosis.

Keywords:
CancerDiagnosisIron oxide nanoparticlesMagnetic nanoparticlesMagnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Conventional contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) face limitations.
  • Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) present a promising alternative due to high biocompatibility and magnetic properties.
  • IONPs' surface functionalization allows for molecular MRI, enhancing diagnostic capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthesis and functionalization of IONPs for MRI applications.
  • To highlight the potential of IONPs in molecular MRI for disease diagnosis.
  • To discuss in vivo studies of IONPs, particularly in tumor models.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of the inorganic core of IONPs.
  • Functionalization of IONPs with ligands (antibodies, peptides, aptamers) for biocompatibility and targeting.
  • Evaluation of IONPs in in vivo animal models, focusing on tumor detection.

Main Results:

  • IONPs demonstrate excellent magnetic properties and biocompatibility for MRI.
  • Functionalized IONPs enable targeted molecular imaging for various cancers (breast, stomach, colon, kidney, liver, brain).
  • IONPs show potential for diagnosing brain inflammation and thrombosis.

Conclusions:

  • IONPs are versatile tools for advanced MRI applications, particularly in oncology.
  • Surface modification is key to tailoring IONPs for specific diagnostic targets.
  • Further in vivo research validates IONPs' potential in preclinical settings.