Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

215.3K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
215.3K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.0K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.0K
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

1.1K
Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
1.1K
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

30.9K
Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
30.9K
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

1.0K
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
1.0K
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

5.3K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
5.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A minimalist self-differencing gating scheme for dead-time-free single-photon avalanche diodes at high repetition rate.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Optimal quantum transport on a ring via locally monitored chiral quantum walks.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Enhanced Quantum Frequency Estimation by Nonlinear Scrambling.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Privacy in Networks of Quantum Sensors.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Critical metrology of minimally accessible anisotropic spin chains.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Perturbed graphs achieve unit transport efficiency without environmental noise.

Physical review. E·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform
08:02

Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform

Published on: November 7, 2013

13.2K

Squeezing Phase Diffusion.

Simone Cialdi1,2, Edoardo Suerra1,2, Stefano Olivares1,2

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli," Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italia.

Physical Review Letters
|May 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) can reduce phase noise in coherent signals. A threshold in phase noise must be overcome for OPOs to effectively "squeeze" noise, depending on input energy and OPO parameters.

More Related Videos

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
10:08

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 24, 2017

9.5K
In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
06:34

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: September 2, 2016

6.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform
08:02

Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform

Published on: November 7, 2013

13.2K
Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
10:08

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 24, 2017

9.5K
In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
06:34

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: September 2, 2016

6.7K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Nonlinear optics
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Phase diffusion degrades coherent signal integrity.
  • Optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) are nonlinear optical devices with potential for noise manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of OPOs for counteracting phase diffusion.
  • To demonstrate phase-noise reduction in coherent signals using a tuned OPO.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of phase-noise dynamics in OPOs.
  • Experimental demonstration of phase-noise squeezing using a suitable OPO setup.

Main Results:

  • A threshold value for phase noise was identified, above which OPOs can effectively reduce noise.
  • The OPO's phase-noise squeezing capability is dependent on input coherent state energy.
  • Key OPO parameters, including gain and loss rates, influence the noise reduction threshold.

Conclusions:

  • OPOs offer a viable method for mitigating phase noise in coherent optical signals.
  • The effectiveness of OPOs in phase-noise reduction is contingent upon operating above a specific noise threshold and optimizing OPO parameters.