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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Mechanical Manipulation of Neurons to Control Axonal Development
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Axonal cytomechanics in neuronal development.

Sampada P Mutalik1, Aurnab Ghose

  • 1Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhaba Road, Pune 411 008, India.

Journal of Biosciences
|May 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical forces influence neuronal development. Recent advances highlight the axonal cytoskeleton

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mechanical forces are increasingly recognized as critical regulators of biological processes during development and tissue homeostasis.
  • The biophysics of neuronal axons, particularly their unique cytomechanics, has been a long-standing area of interest.
  • While the growth cone's biochemistry and cytoskeletal dynamics are well-studied, the axonal shaft's cytoskeleton remained less explored until recently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the axonal cytoskeleton.
  • To elucidate the critical role of the axonal cytoskeleton in governing axonal mechanics during neuronal development.
  • To highlight the emerging field investigating the relationship between the axonal cytoskeleton and neuronal mechanobiology.

Main Methods:

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  • This review synthesizes existing literature and recent findings.
  • Focuses on advances in microscopy driving new insights into cytoskeletal organization and dynamics.
  • Integrates knowledge on biochemical signaling and cytoskeletal remodeling in growth cones and axonal shafts.

Main Results:

  • Recent years have seen a surge in research on the axonal cytoskeleton, enabled by microscopy advancements.
  • The axonal cytoskeleton's organization and dynamics are now recognized as crucial for neuronal function.
  • A significant emerging area is the link between the axonal cytoskeleton and mechanobiological responses in neurons.

Conclusions:

  • The axonal cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in neuronal mechanics and development.
  • Further research into the axonal cytoskeleton's mechanobiology promises to deepen our understanding of neuronal development and function.
  • This review consolidates current knowledge, emphasizing the importance of the axonal cytoskeleton in neuronal pathfinding and homeostasis.