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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

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Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
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Multicolor Fluorescence Detection for Droplet Microfluidics Using Optical Fibers
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A self-operating broadband spectrometer on a droplet.

P Malara1, A Giorgini2, S Avino2

  • 1Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy. pietro.malara@ino.cnr.it.

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|May 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A novel optofluidic spectrometer utilizes droplet evaporation for infrared spectral analysis. This inexpensive, small-scale device offers competitive performance for on-site and remote sensing applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Optofluidics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Chemical Analysis

Background:

  • Miniaturization of Fourier transform spectrometers is crucial for on-site and remote sensing.
  • Existing devices often rely on complex photonic integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a miniaturized spectrometer using droplet evaporation.
  • To develop a method for retrieving spectral information from non-reproducible evaporation dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Harnessing unforced mechanisms: liquid droplet evaporation on a reflective substrate.
  • Realizing an optofluidic spectrometer at the tip of an optical fiber.
  • Developing an analysis method for spectral data retrieval.

Main Results:

  • Achieved quantitative gas absorption measurements.
  • Demonstrated a spectral resolution of 2.6 nm.
  • Acquisition time of 100 s over a 250 nm spectral span.

Conclusions:

  • A simple evaporating droplet can function as an efficient, small-scale spectrometer.
  • This technology is competitive with advanced integrated photonic devices.
  • Offers an inexpensive alternative for infrared spectro-chemical analysis.