Development and initial evaluation of a novel simulation model for comprehensive brain tumor surgery training

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Medical Simulation
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Increasing complexity and time constraints in neurosurgery demand advanced training methods.
• Current simulations (screen-based, 3D printed, virtual) face limitations in visual and haptic realism.
• A novel approach is needed to bridge the gap between simulation and real-world neurosurgical procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a novel neurosurgical simulator.
• To combine 3D printing, real brain tissue, and augmented reality for realistic training.
• To assess the simulator's effectiveness for various surgical scenarios and technological training.

Main Methods:

• A 3D printed skull model was created based on CT scans.
• Calf brains were integrated with artificial tumors and fixed within the 3D printed skull.
• Four surgical scenarios were performed, incorporating neuronavigation, augmented reality, and fluorescence guidance.

Main Results:

• The simulator achieved high ratings for the realism of the skull and brain tissue.
• Tumor model realism was rated as "good," with high overall satisfaction.
• Limitations included the small size of the calf brain and inability to simulate bleeding.

Conclusions:

• The combined 3D printing and real brain tissue model offers high real-life resemblance for neurosurgical training.
• This versatile simulator effectively trains surgical skills and technological support systems.
• Further development could address limitations for even more comprehensive training.