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Updated: Dec 22, 2025

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Acetaminophen Oxidation and Inflammatory Markers - A Review of Hepatic Molecular Mechanisms and Preclinical Studies
Silvio Terra Stefanello1, Nelson Rodrigues de Carvalho2, Simone Beder Reis3
1Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Bioquimica Toxicologica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
Abstract:
Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic for pain management, especially useful in chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, easy access to this medicine has increased the occurrence of episodes of poisoning. Patients often develop severe liver damage, which may quickly lead to death. Consequently, numerous studies have been conducted to identify new biomarkers that allow the prediction of the degree of acetaminophen intoxication and thus intervene in a timely manner to save patients' lives. This review highlights the main mechanisms of the induction and progression of liver damage arising from acetaminophen poisoning. In addition, we have discussed the possibility of using new clinical biomarkers for detecting acetaminophen poisoning.
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