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Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP in Mouse T-cell Lines
Published on: June 17, 2017
The Speckled Protein (SP) Family: Immunity's Chromatin Readers
Isabella Fraschilla1, Kate L Jeffrey1
1Division of Gastroenterology and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Abstract:
Chromatin 'readers' are central interpreters of the epigenome that facilitate cell-specific transcriptional programs and are therapeutic targets in cancer and inflammation. The Speckled Protein (SP) family of chromatin 'readers' in humans consists of SP100, SP110, SP140, and SP140L. SPs possess functional domains (SAND, PHD, bromodomain) that dock to DNA or post-translationally modified histones and a caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) to promote multimerization. Mutations within immune expressed SPs associate with numerous immunological diseases including Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency, as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, underscoring their importance in immune regulation. In this review, we posit that SPs are central chromatin regulators of gene silencing that establish immune cell identity and function.
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