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Individual-specific and shared representations during episodic memory encoding and retrieval.

Xiaoqian Xiao1, Yu Zhou2, Jing Liu2

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Human memories are both unique and shared. This study reveals how brain regions create shared neural representations during memory encoding and retrieval, maintaining individuality while enabling communication.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Human memory appears individual but is largely shared across people.
  • Previous research separately studied subject-specific and shared representations in memory.
  • Understanding the formation of shared memories from individual representations is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how individually encoded neural representations transform into shared memories.
  • Examine subject-specific and shared neural representations across memory encoding and retrieval stages.
  • Identify brain regions and processing stages involved in creating shared memory representations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for memory encoding and retrieval.
  • Applied representational similarity analysis (RSA) to link neural representations across individuals, brain regions, and processing stages.
  • Conducted simulation analysis to validate findings on representational transformation.

Main Results:

  • Distributed brain regions exhibited both subject-specific and shared neural representations during encoding and retrieval.
  • The visual cortex showed stronger unique and shared representations during encoding.
  • The left angular gyrus demonstrated greater unique and shared representations during retrieval.
  • Neural representations transformed from encoding to retrieval, indicated by reduced cross-subject encoding-retrieval similarity (ERS).
  • Significant cross-subject and cross-stage pattern similarity was observed within and across regions, notably between the visual cortex (encoding) and angular gyrus (retrieval).

Conclusions:

  • Shared memories emerge from transformations of individually encoded representations.
  • Stage-specific representational strength and cross-region reinstatement contribute to shared memory formation.
  • Findings illuminate the mechanisms underlying both individual memory characteristics and interpersonal communication through shared representations.