Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

41.8K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
41.8K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

48.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
48.2K
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

29.9K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
29.9K
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

70.6K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
70.6K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

127.0K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
127.0K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

25.4K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
25.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Engineering nanopores in hard carbon for high-energy sodium-ion batteries.

National science review·2026
Same author

Why electrodics is essential for future energy technologies.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
Same author

Anomalous Sodium Insertion in Highly Oriented Graphite: Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Evidence for Two-Sided Intercalation.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

A copper phosphide electrocatalyst enables high-areal-capacity and long-term stability in lithium-sulfur pouch cells.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Defect chemistry of mixed ionic-electronic conductors under light: halide perovskites as a master example.

Materials horizons·2025
Same author

Lithographically Controlled Liquid Metal Diffusion in Graphene: Fabrication and Magnetotransport Signatures of Superconductivity.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

22.1K

Solid Electrolyte Interphase Evolution on Lithium Metal in Contact with Glyme-Based Electrolytes.

Maryam Nojabaee1, Kathrin Küster1, Ulrich Starke1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is crucial for lithium metal batteries. This study reveals that LixSy species are detrimental to SEI stability, unlike Li3N, impacting battery performance.

Keywords:
electrolytesinterfaceslithiumsolid electrolyte interphase

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

13.3K
Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material
10:53

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material

Published on: February 5, 2019

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

22.1K
Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

13.3K
Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material
10:53

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material

Published on: February 5, 2019

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is essential for the functionality and longevity of lithium metal batteries.
  • Glyme-based electrolytes are commonly used but require careful SEI management for optimal performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation and evolution of the SEI in glyme-based electrolytes under various conditions.
  • To compare the impact of different SEI components, specifically LixSy and Li3N, on battery stability.
  • To comprehensively track the chemical and electrochemical changes of the SEI during battery cycling.

Main Methods:

  • Open circuit voltage holds and constant current cycling of lithium metal cells with glyme-based electrolytes.
  • X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for chemical analysis of the SEI.
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for evaluating the electrochemical properties of the SEI.

Main Results:

  • The study identified LixSy species as detrimental components within the SEI.
  • Li3N was found to be a more beneficial component for SEI stability compared to LixSy.
  • Detailed chemical and electrochemical evolution of the SEI was mapped under galvanostatic conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The composition of the SEI significantly impacts lithium metal battery performance.
  • Minimizing LixSy formation and promoting Li3N are key strategies for enhancing SEI stability.
  • Understanding SEI evolution is critical for designing next-generation high-performance lithium metal batteries.