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Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia: A Comprehensive Overview.
Giovanni Di Teodoro1, Giuseppe Marruchella2, Andrea Di Provvido1
1Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale," OIE Reference Laboratory for Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy.
Veterinary Pathology
|May 12, 2020
Summary
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides, leads to significant cattle losses in sub-Saharan Africa. This review details its pathology, diagnosis, and control for veterinarians.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pathology
- Animal Infectious Diseases
- Bovine Respiratory Diseases
Background:
- Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a significant cattle disease in sub-Saharan Africa, causing high mortality and morbidity.
- It is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm), a bacterium leading to severe respiratory and systemic lesions.
- CBPP is a notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health, impacting livestock productivity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP).
- To detail the causative agent, history, distribution, epidemiology, clinical signs, and control strategies for CBPP.
- To focus on the gross and microscopic pathological lesions of CBPP to aid veterinarians in diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes existing knowledge on CBPP.
- It examines pathological findings from various stages of the disease.
- Diagnostic methods and control measures are discussed based on current literature.
Main Results:
- CBPP presents as fibrinous bronchopneumonia and pleural effusion in acute/subacute cases, and pulmonary sequestra in chronic cases.
- Lesions can extend to kidneys and joints, particularly in calves.
- Mmm antigen distribution includes lung epithelium, phagocytic cells, vascular walls, necrotic areas, lymphoid follicles, and renal tissues.
Conclusions:
- Definitive diagnosis of CBPP requires laboratory confirmation, though pathological examination is crucial for presumptive diagnosis.
- Understanding the pathology and pathogenesis of CBPP is vital for effective disease management.
- This review aims to enhance veterinarians' familiarity with CBPP lesions and diagnosis.
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