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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

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Performance in a novel environment subject to ghost competition.

Karen Bisschop1,2, Frederik Mortier2, Dries Bonte2

  • 1Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

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|May 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Even extinct competitors can shape evolution. An early ghost competitor boosted the reproductive success of spider mites, showing long-term evolutionary effects from past competition.

Keywords:
Experimental evolutionInterspecific competitionIntraspecific competitionLocal adaptationSpider mitesTetranychus urticae

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Community evolution theory posits competition drives adaptation and extinction.
  • The impact of extinct or unsuccessful species ('ghost species') on community evolutionary dynamics is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of a ghost competitor on the evolutionary trajectory of a successful species.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental evolution using the spider mite Tetranychus urticae.
  • Introduction of a competing species, T. ludeni, which subsequently went extinct.
  • Monitoring the performance (fecundity) of T. urticae over 25 generations.

Main Results:

  • The presence of the now-extinct competitor, T. ludeni, significantly enhanced the fecundity of T. urticae.
  • This positive effect of the ghost competitor persisted for at least 25 generations.
  • Demonstrates a lasting evolutionary signal from early-stage competition.

Conclusions:

  • Early-experienced selection pressures, even from extinct species, can have persistent evolutionary consequences.
  • Ghost species can influence the adaptive landscape and performance of surviving species in novel environments.