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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

2.9K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
2.9K
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

1.6K
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
1.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Cooling or Warming the Esophagus to Reduce Esophageal Injury During Left Atrial Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
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Cooling or Warming the Esophagus to Reduce Esophageal Injury During Left Atrial Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

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A Microthermal Sensor for Cryoablation Balloons.

Harishankar Natesan1, Limei Tian2, John A Rogers3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
|May 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A novel microthermal sensor can monitor pulmonary vein (PV) cryoablation by assessing tissue contact, thickness, and freezing. This technology improves atrial fibrillation treatment by providing real-time feedback during pulmonary vein procedures.

Keywords:
3ω methodatrial fibrillationbiosensorcryoablationcryoballoonprecision treatmentthermal propertythermal sensingthermal therapy

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Direct Pressure Monitoring Accurately Predicts Pulmonary Vein Occlusion During Cryoballoon Ablation
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Direct Pressure Monitoring Accurately Predicts Pulmonary Vein Occlusion During Cryoballoon Ablation

Published on: February 26, 2013

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices
  • Thermal Physics

Background:

  • Cryoablation of pulmonary veins (PV) for atrial fibrillation lacks real-time monitoring of critical parameters like probe contact and tissue freezing.
  • Current clinical imaging techniques lack the resolution to assess PV wall thickness and intra-procedural changes during cryoablation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a microthermal sensor for real-time monitoring during pulmonary vein cryoablation.
  • To assess the sensor's ability to measure tissue contact, thickness, and freezing during thermal ablation procedures.

Main Methods:

  • A microthermal sensor utilizing the "3ω" technique was modified into a serpentine format for integration onto a flexible balloon.
  • Numerical analyses were performed to simulate sensor performance on a flat substrate for differentiating ice, water, and fat.
  • Experimental validation involved micropatterning the serpentine sensor on flat substrates and flexible balloons for testing.

Main Results:

  • The serpentine "3ω" sensor successfully identified tissue contact versus fluid in both flat and balloon formats.
  • The sensor demonstrated the ability to distinguish tissue thickness within the 0.5 to 2 mm range.
  • Experimental results confirmed the sensor's capability to measure the initiation and completion of freezing, similar to linear sensors.

Conclusions:

  • A serpentine "3ω" sensor integrated onto a balloon platform provides a viable method for monitoring tissue contact, thickness, and phase changes during cryoablation.
  • This technology offers a potential solution for enhancing the safety and efficacy of focal thermal treatments for atrial fibrillation.