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[Diagnosis and treatment recommendation for pediatric COVID-19 (the second edition)]
Zhimin Chen1, Junfen Fu1, Qiang Shu1
1Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China.
Insights
Children are susceptible to COVID-19, often with mild symptoms like fever and cough. Diagnosis relies on symptoms and nucleic acid tests, with varied treatments based on severity.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic impacts all age groups, including children.
- While generally milder in children, COVID-19 requires accurate diagnosis and management.
- Understanding pediatric COVID-19 is crucial for effective public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the key aspects of COVID-19 in children.
- To outline diagnostic approaches and clinical manifestations in pediatric cases.
- To review treatment strategies for different severities of pediatric COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Diagnosis is based on epidemiological data and clinical symptoms.
- Confirmation involves detecting viral nucleic acid in respiratory samples.
- Chest imaging may show interstitial pneumonia, similar to other viral infections.
Main Results:
- Common symptoms in children include fever and cough.
- White blood cell counts are typically normal or decreased.
- Chest imaging findings can mimic other respiratory infections.
Conclusions:
- Early identification, isolation, diagnosis, and treatment are vital for managing pediatric COVID-19.
- Mild to moderate cases are managed symptomatically.
- Severe cases require advanced interventions like oxygen therapy, antivirals, and potentially ECMO, with multidisciplinary input.
Abstract:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. All people including children are generally susceptible to COVID-19, but the condition is relatively mild for children. The diagnosis of COVID-19 is largely based on the epidemiological evidence and clinical manifestations, and confirmed by positive detection of virus nucleic acid in respiratory samples. The main symptoms of COVID-19 in children are fever and cough; the total number of white blood cell count is usually normal or decreased; the chest imaging is characterized by interstitial pneumonia, which is similar to other respiratory virus infections and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Early identification, early isolation, early diagnosis and early treatment are important for clinical management. The treatment of mild or moderate type of child COVID-19 is mainly symptomatic. For severe and critical ill cases, the oxygen therapy, antiviral drugs, antibacterial drugs, glucocorticoids, mechanical ventilation or even extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be adopted, and the treatment plan should be adjusted timely through multi-disciplinary cooperation.
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