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Related Concept Videos

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

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Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
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Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

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The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
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Alveoli and Alveolar Ducts01:26

Alveoli and Alveolar Ducts

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The respiratory zone of the human body, which stands in contrast to the conducting zone, comprises the structures that actively participate in the exchange of gases. The initiation of this zone is marked by the terminal bronchioles converging into respiratory bronchioles, the tiniest bronchiole classification. The respiratory bronchioles give way to the alveolar ducts that opens into a congregation of alveoli. Actively involved in gas exchange, alveoli resemble tiny sacs similar to clusters of...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Generation of 3D Whole Lung Organoids from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Lung Developmental Biology and Disease
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Generation of 3D Whole Lung Organoids from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Lung Developmental Biology and Disease

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Lung Development Genes and Adult Lung Function.

Laura Portas1, Miguel Pereira1,2, Seif O Shaheen3

  • 1National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|May 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genes involved in lung development significantly impact adult lung function, affecting both restrictive and obstructive patterns. Understanding these pathways may reveal new therapeutic targets for lung diseases.

Keywords:
COPDFEV1/FVCFVCUK Biobankgenetic association study

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Establishing Human Lung Organoids and Proximal Differentiation to Generate Mature Airway Organoids
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A Standardized Method for Measuring Internal Lung Surface Area via Mouse Pneumonectomy and Prosthesis Implantation
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 21, 2025

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A Standardized Method for Measuring Internal Lung Surface Area via Mouse Pneumonectomy and Prosthesis Implantation
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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Respiratory Medicine
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Poor adult lung health may stem from suboptimal lung growth and development during early life.
  • Epidemiological studies suggest a link between early life factors and later lung health.
  • Genetic factors influencing lung development are hypothesized to play a role in adult lung function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the association between genes critical for lung development and adult lung function.
  • To identify novel genetic associations with forced vital capacity (FVC) and the FEV1/FVC ratio.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized UK Biobank data, analyzing 391 lung development genes against FVC and FEV1/FVC.
  • Employed a two-subset approach for signal selection (n=207,616) and replication (n=138,411).
  • Validated findings in CHARGE and SpiroMeta consortia.

Main Results:

  • Identified 55 genes associated with adult lung function, including 36 novel signals not previously linked in large genome-wide studies.
  • Most novel signals were intronic variants affecting gene expression in blood and lung tissues.
  • Replication analysis confirmed 16 signals (Bonferroni) and 12 additional signals (nominal significance).
  • 53 of the 55 genes categorized into four key biological pathways regulating organ size and cell integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Genes regulating lung development are crucial for maintaining adult lung function, influencing both restrictive and obstructive lung diseases.
  • The identified biological pathways (growth factors, transcriptional regulators, cell-to-cell adhesion, extracellular matrix) are vital for adult lung health.
  • Further research into these developmental pathways could uncover novel druggable targets for respiratory conditions.