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Transcription

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.

Cell Signaling in Plants

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant–Environment Interactions

A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant–Environment Interactions

Published on: August 5, 2020

Decoding Plant-Environment Interactions That Influence Crop Agronomic Traits.

Keiichi Mochida^1,2,3,4, Ryuei Nishii⁵, Takashi Hirayama⁴

¹RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.

Plant & Cell Physiology

|May 12, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A life-course approach to monitoring plant health, integrating multi-omics and phenomics, is key to understanding plant-environment interactions and boosting crop productivity for global food security.

Keywords:

Genome to phenome Life-course approach Multi-omics Plant phenomics Sensor

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Area of Science:

Plant Science
Genetics
Environmental Science
Data Science
Sensor Technology

Background:

Global food security is threatened by population growth and urbanization.
Understanding plant-environment interactions is vital for improving crop yield.
Agronomic traits are influenced by lifetime plant-environment interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the role of a life-course approach in monitoring plant health for enhanced crop productivity.
To review advances in analytical technologies for plant health monitoring.
To explore strategies for integrating multi-omics data and emerging phenomics techniques.

Main Methods:

Review of multi-omics analyses for plant health monitoring.
Integration strategies for heterogeneous datasets.
Showcasing emerging noninvasive phenomics techniques (3D phenotyping, root phenotyping, sensors, affordable devices).

Main Results:

Multi-omics analyses provide insights into plant health status.
Data integration strategies help identify factors associated with traits of interest.
Emerging phenomics techniques enable continuous, noninvasive plant growth monitoring.

Conclusions:

A life-course monitoring approach enhances understanding of plant-environment interactions.
Integrating diverse technologies (plant science, data science, IoT) is crucial for improving crop productivity.
Technological advancements are essential for accelerating gene discovery and crop breeding to ensure food security.