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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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Multiple Self-Trapped Emissions in the Lead-Free Halide Cs3Cu2I5.

Haijie Chen1, Joao M Pina1, Fanglong Yuan1,2

  • 1The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|May 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored the luminescence mechanisms of low-dimensional copper halides, specifically Cs3Cu2I5. They discovered multiple self-trapped emissions, explaining the broad light emission and paving the way for improved heavy-metal-free light emitters.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Low-dimensional copper halides are promising heavy-metal-free light emitters with high luminance.
  • The optical mechanisms behind their excellent luminescence are not fully understood.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing advanced optoelectronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the optical mechanisms of luminescence in Cs3Cu2I5.
  • To explore the origin of broad emission and self-trapped emissions in this material.
  • To correlate material structure with luminescence properties.

Main Methods:

  • Power-dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy.
  • Temperature-dependent emission studies (80-420 K).
  • Structural analysis correlating zero-dimensional structure and soft crystal lattice with optical properties.

Main Results:

  • Multiple self-trapped emission peaks were observed in Cs3Cu2I5, dependent on excitation power.
  • This emission behavior was characterized across a wide temperature range.
  • The zero-dimensional structure and soft crystal lattice were identified as key factors contributing to multiple self-trapped emissions.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the origin of broad emission and the luminescence mechanism in Cs3Cu2I5.
  • Findings provide insights into the optical properties of metal halides.
  • Incorporation into light-emitting diodes demonstrated potential with 140 cd/m2 peak luminance and 0.27% external quantum efficiency.