Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 21, 2025

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
Published on: February 17, 2018
The anatomical landmarks effective in the localisation of the median nerve during orthopaedic procedures
E Mizia1, P A Pekala2,3, B Skinningsrud2,3
1Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. ewa.mizia@gazeta.pl.
Background:
The aim of this study was to create a safe zone for surgeons who perform procedures in the wrist to avoid iatrogenic damage to the median nerve (MN) by identifying anatomical landmarks using ultrasound (USG).
Materials And Methods:
We measured the distances between the MN and two easily identifiable anatomical landmarks at the level of the proximal border of carpal ligament using USG.
Results:
A total of 57 volunteers (n = 114 upper limbs) were included in this study. Our main findings revealed that the distance from the flexor carpi radialis tendon to MN (FCR-MN) was 7.87 mm (95% confidence interval 7.37-8.37) and the distance from flexor carpi ulnaris tendon to MN (FCU-MN) was 19.09 mm (95% confidence interval 18.51-19.67).
Conclusions:
The tendons of FCR and FCU are easily identifiable landmarks that can be distinguished using simple palpation. Based on our USG findings, the area around FCR should be carefully navigated to avoid iatrogenic injury to the MN during surgical procedures around the carpal tunnel.
Related Concept Videos
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia
One of the advantages of...

