Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Vertebral Lymphatic Vasculature and Drainage using iDISCO+ and Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
Published on: May 22, 2020
Venous structures can mimic masses in the foramen magnum
1University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Abstract:
Benign enhancing lesions at the foramen magnum is a recently described entity and believed to represent a varix or ganglion. These lesions are typically described as being single, located posterior to the intradural vertebral artery, and not attached to the dura. These 2 cases demonstrate previously undescribed variations in appearance of these lesions including contacting the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and lateral epidural plexus/dura, segmental dilatations, transverse and linear configuration, and visualization on an unenhanced CT head. These lesions most likely reflect bridging veins and are structures that clinicians should be aware of to avoid unnecessary follow-up or surgical intervention.
Related Concept Videos
Bone Markings
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
Veins of Head and Neck
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
Veins
Structure of Veins:
The structure of veins is specifically designed to assist in the low-pressure transportation of...
Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles
General Structure of a Vertebra
Development of the Lymphatic System
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...

