Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

491
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
491
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

503
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
503
Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

522
Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
522
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management

423
Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
423
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

713
Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
713
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

1.3K
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) Initiative Small Animal CPR Registry Report 2025.

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)·2026
Same author

Comparison of etiology and outcome of dogs undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation with different conformation: the Shepherd versus the Bulldog.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2025
Same author

Clinical Applications of the ARDSVet (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndromes in Veterinary Medicine) Definitions in Small and Large Animal Patients.

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)·2025
Same author

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Veterinary Medicine-The ARDSVet Definitions.

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)·2025
Same author

Current Standards and Practices in Small Animal Mechanical Ventilation.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice·2025
Same author

Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) Initiative small animal CPR registry report 2016-2021.

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II
04:16

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II

Published on: June 20, 2020

13.9K

Recurrent Hyperkalemia During General Anesthesia in a Dog.

Carissa W Tong1, Anusha Balakrishnan1, Rachel Matusow Wynne2

  • 1Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, Stamford, CT, United States.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|May 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent hyperkalemia developed in a dog during anesthesia at two hospitals. Propofol may be a factor, highlighting the need for veterinary awareness of peri-operative hyperkalemia.

Keywords:
anesthesiacaninehyperkalemiapropofolpropofol infusion syndrome

More Related Videos

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits
06:46

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits

Published on: February 28, 2025

661
Multi-exon Skipping Using Cocktail Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Canine X-linked Muscular Dystrophy
10:30

Multi-exon Skipping Using Cocktail Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Canine X-linked Muscular Dystrophy

Published on: May 24, 2016

19.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II
04:16

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II

Published on: June 20, 2020

13.9K
Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits
06:46

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits

Published on: February 28, 2025

661
Multi-exon Skipping Using Cocktail Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Canine X-linked Muscular Dystrophy
10:30

Multi-exon Skipping Using Cocktail Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Canine X-linked Muscular Dystrophy

Published on: May 24, 2016

19.1K

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Anesthesiology
  • Clinical Toxicology

Background:

  • Peri-operative hyperkalemia is a rare but serious complication in veterinary medicine.
  • Understanding potential triggers is crucial for anesthetic management.

Observation:

  • An 11-year-old Rottweiler developed severe hyperkalemia during two separate anesthetic events for ophthalmic surgery within one month.
  • Similar anesthetic drug protocols, including propofol, were used at both institutions.
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes consistent with hyperkalemia were noted during the first event.

Findings:

  • The dog responded to standard hyperkalemia treatment on both occasions, with serum potassium levels returning to normal.
  • No definitive underlying cause for the recurrent hyperkalemia was identified.
  • A potential association between propofol administration and hyperkalemia in veterinary patients is suggested, mirroring findings in human medicine.

Implications:

  • Veterinary professionals should consider hyperkalemia as a differential diagnosis in anesthetized patients exhibiting bradycardia unresponsive to standard therapies.
  • Further investigation into the relationship between propofol and peri-operative hyperkalemia in animals is warranted.
  • Awareness of this potential complication can improve patient safety during anesthesia.