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Related Concept Videos

Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

Protein Modifications in the RER

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Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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pH Regulation in Cells01:28

pH Regulation in Cells

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pH plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular activities. It helps maintain the structure and function of various proteins, dictates the charge on cellular membranes, and is crucial for metabolic reactions inside the cell. Moreover, cells use the energy from the proton motive force to generate ATP.
Cytosolic pH
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Oxidative Phosphorylation Dysfunction Modifies the Cell Secretome.

Nuria Garrido-Pérez1,2,3,4, Ana Vela-Sebastián1, Ester López-Gallardo1,2,3

  • 1Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Identifying biomarkers for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorders is challenging due to their heterogeneity. This review explores secretome studies, highlighting promising biomarkers and proposing two new candidates for future diagnostic trials.

Keywords:
biomarkersfibroblast growth factor 21growth differentiation factor 15interleukine-6mitochondrial DNAmitochondrial diseasesoxidative phosphorylation systemsecretomevascular endothelial growth factor

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disorders are highly heterogeneous, complicating biomarker discovery.
  • Defective OXPHOS impacts cellular functions, including the secretome, offering a potential source for biomarkers.
  • Current research on secretome-related biomarkers for mitochondrial diseases is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing research on secretome alterations in OXPHOS dysfunction.
  • To identify promising biomarkers for mitochondrial diseases based on secretome studies.
  • To propose novel biomarkers for future diagnostic investigations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the secretome in relation to OXPHOS dysfunction.
  • Analysis of identified biomarkers for their potential diagnostic value in mitochondrial diseases.

Main Results:

  • The cell secretome is a promising, yet underexplored, area for identifying biomarkers of mitochondrial diseases.
  • Several potential biomarkers have emerged from secretome studies related to OXPHOS dysfunction.
  • Two novel biomarkers are proposed for further evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Secretome analysis offers a viable strategy for discovering circulating biomarkers for mitochondrial diseases.
  • Further research validating proposed biomarkers is crucial for improving diagnostic approaches.
  • Targeted biomarker discovery can aid in the early identification and management of these complex disorders.