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Related Concept Videos

Pharynx01:20

Pharynx

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The pharynx, a tubular structure framed by skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membrane, extends continuously from the nasal cavities. It is segmented into three major areas: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx
The nasopharynx, bordered by the conchae of the nasal cavity, serves exclusively as an air conduit. In its superior region, the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids are located. These tonsils are clusters of lymphoid reticular tissue akin to a lymph node. The precise...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium01:30

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Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that lines body cavities and blood vessels. The shape of the cells in the epithelium reflects the function of the tissue. Cells in simple squamous epithelium appear as thin scales with flat, elliptical nuclei that mirror the form of the cell.
Because of the thinness of the cells, simple squamous epithelium is present where the rapid passage of chemical compounds is observed. For example, the endothelium that lines the capillaries and vessels...
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Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....
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Oral Cavity01:11

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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
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Teeth01:15

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Analysis of Developing Tooth Germ Innervation Using Microfluidic Co-culture Devices
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Analysis of Developing Tooth Germ Innervation Using Microfluidic Co-culture Devices

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Multiple epithelia are required to develop teeth deep inside the pharynx.

Veronika Oralová1, Joana Teixeira Rosa1, Daria Larionova1

  • 1Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharyngeal tooth development in zebrafish requires interactions between skin ectoderm, endoderm, and periderm-like cells. These epithelial interactions, alongside signaling pathways, are crucial for initiating tooth formation deep within the pharynx.

Keywords:
germ layerspharyngeal teethtooth evolutionzebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • The evolutionary origin of vertebrate teeth from odontodes is debated, with theories suggesting epithelial spread into the oropharyngeal cavity.
  • It remains unclear if tooth formation deep within the pharynx of extant vertebrates requires external epithelia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular origins and inductive cues for pharyngeal tooth development in zebrafish.
  • To determine the necessity of external epithelia and specific cellular interactions for pharyngeal tooth initiation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized zebrafish as a model organism to study pharyngeal tooth development.
  • Investigated cell penetration and coverage within the oropharyngeal cavity using previous findings.
  • Analyzed the role of endodermal pouch-to-skin ectoderm contact and periderm-like cell layers.
  • Manipulated signaling pathways to assess their role in tooth development.

Main Results:

  • Conclusively demonstrated that the enamel organ of pharyngeal teeth in zebrafish originates from medial endoderm.
  • Dental morphogenesis initiates only after endodermal pouch contact with skin ectoderm and coverage by periderm-like cells.
  • Pouch-ectoderm contact and a periderm-like layer are necessary but insufficient for tooth initiation.

Conclusions:

  • Pharyngeal tooth development in zebrafish involves early interactions between multiple epithelial populations: skin ectoderm, endoderm, and periderm-like cells.
  • These epithelial interactions precede and are essential for initiating the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions governing vertebrate tooth formation.