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Neuronal activity increases translocator protein (TSPO) levels.

Tina Notter1, Sina M Schalbetter2, Nicholas E Clifton3,4

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Neuronal activity increases translocator protein (TSPO) levels in the adult brain. This finding suggests TSPO roles beyond neuroinflammation, requiring consideration of non-inflammatory contexts.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Translocator protein (TSPO) is a biomarker for neuroinflammation.
  • TSPO's cellular expression is not selective, suggesting broader functions.
  • Investigating TSPO's role in neuronal activity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if neuronal activity influences TSPO levels in the adult central nervous system.
  • To characterize TSPO expression patterns in different cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse hippocampus.
  • Confocal laser scanning microscopy.
  • Stimulation of neuronal activity via DREADDs, novel environment exposure, and amphetamine treatment.

Main Results:

  • TSPO is expressed in neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and vascular cells.
  • Neuronal activity consistently increased TSPO mRNA and protein in neurons.
  • TSPO levels did not increase in microglia or astrocytes following neuronal stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal activity modulates TSPO levels in the adult brain.
  • Altered TSPO expression may not always indicate neuroinflammation.
  • Non-inflammatory interpretations of TSPO are necessary in certain contexts.