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Related Concept Videos

Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

92.2K
Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
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Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

7.4K
Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). Many immune system cells,...
7.4K
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
7.6K
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

8.6K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
8.6K
Endocytosis01:16

Endocytosis

12.0K
Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
Endocytosis always begins with the plasma membrane enclosing an incoming molecule to form a transport vesicle which, in some cases, can be coated with a protein called ‘clathrin.' Endocytosed material is either...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
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"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM

Published on: August 26, 2016

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Decision Making in Phagocytosis.

Jana Prassler1, Florian Simon1, Mary Ecke1

  • 1Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dictyostelium cells, professional phagocytes, struggle to engulf oversized bacteria. They may release particles, involving Myosin-II tension, and initiate phagosome processing early.

Keywords:
Dictyosteliumactinmembrane blebbingmyosin-IIphosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphatephosphatidylinositol 3-phosphatetubular phagocytic cup

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 21, 2025

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
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Visualizing the Early Stages of Phagocytosis
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Investigating the Phagocytosis of Leishmania using Confocal Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Dictyostelium discoideum are professional phagocytes adept at engulfing particles.
  • Phagocytosis mechanisms are challenged by particle dimensions exceeding cellular capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Dictyostelium phagocyte responses when unable to fully engulf long bacteria.
  • To elucidate the cellular mechanisms and molecular players involved in particle rejection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized long bacteria to challenge phagocytic uptake limits in Dictyostelium.
  • Observed and analyzed phagocyte behavior during failed engulfment and particle release.
  • Employed GFP-2FYVE labeling to track phagosome maturation and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Phagocytes fail to engulf particles significantly larger than their diameter or when facing competition.
  • Particle release can be rapid, involving membrane inversion and bleb formation.
  • Myosin-II contributes to plasma membrane tension during release but not directly to particle expulsion.
  • Phagosome processing with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate initiates early, even before cup closure for elongated phagosomes.
  • The decision to release a particle can occur at advanced stages of phagosome maturation.

Conclusions:

  • Dictyostelium phagocytes exhibit complex responses to uptake challenges, including particle release.
  • Myosin-II plays a role in the mechanics of particle release, while phagosome processing begins proactively.
  • The timing of phagosome maturation does not preclude a late-stage decision to reject an engulfed particle.