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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Murine Myocardial Infarction Model using Permanent Ligation of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery
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Changes in gene expression patterns in postmortem human myocardial infarction.

Verena Wilmes1, Constantin Lux2, Constanze Niess2

  • 1Institute of Legal Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. wilmes@med.uni-frankfurt.de.

International Journal of Legal Medicine
|May 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating myocardial infarction (MI) in human hearts, this study found increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in affected areas. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) showed a stronger correlation with iNOS, suggesting a potential forensic marker for early MI detection.

Keywords:
HypoxiaHypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)Myocardial infarction (MI)Transcription regulationVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Pathology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Forensic Medicine

Background:

  • Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in myocardial infarction (MI) is linked to tissue injury and inflammation in murine models.
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) regulates key genes like iNOS and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mRNA expression of iNOS, HIF-1α, and VEGF in postmortem human infarction hearts.
  • To examine the interrelation between these genes and understand molecular processes during MI emergence.
  • To explore the potential of iNOS as a forensic marker for early MI detection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mRNA expression of iNOS, HIF-1α, and VEGF in postmortem human hearts with and without MI.
  • Correlation analysis to determine the interrelationship between the expression levels of the three genes.
  • Comparison of gene expression patterns in affected versus non-affected regions of MI hearts.

Main Results:

  • Significant upregulation of iNOS and VEGF mRNA was observed in the affected regions of MI hearts compared to controls.
  • Upregulation of HIF-1α mRNA was present but not statistically significant.
  • A stronger and significant correlation was found between HIF-1α and iNOS mRNA than between HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA in affected areas.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals distinct expression patterns of HIF-1 downstream targets in MI hearts.
  • Stronger iNOS transcription by HIF-1 in affected MI regions may indicate a pathological process.
  • Increased iNOS expression due to oxidative stress in MI could serve as a forensic marker for early cardiac changes.