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Health Care Resource Utilization of Late Premature Versus Term Infants With Bronchiolitis

David Greenberg1,2, Ron Dagan2, Eilon Shany1,2

  • 1Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

Clinical Pediatrics
|May 14, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Late preterm infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis utilize more healthcare resources than term infants. This suggests respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis may be beneficial for both groups, aiding cost-benefit analyses.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis cost-effectiveness in late preterm infants remains debated.
  • Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness in infants, leading to significant healthcare resource utilization (HCRU).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare HCRU for late preterm infants (33-36 weeks gestational age) versus term infants (>36 weeks gestational age) hospitalized with bronchiolitis.
  • To inform decisions regarding RSV prophylaxis and cost-benefit analyses for bronchiolitis prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, population-based, observational study (2004-2012).
  • Utilized HCRU data from a large Health Maintenance Organization, including hospitalization duration, physician visits, laboratory tests, and treatments.
  • Compared late preterm infants with term infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis.

Main Results:

  • Late preterm infants experienced significantly longer hospitalizations and higher pediatric intensive care unit admission rates compared to term infants.
  • Late preterm infants had increased rates of outpatient clinic visits, specialist consultations, blood chemistry, and virology testing.
  • Term infants with bronchiolitis also demonstrated substantial HCRU.

Conclusions:

  • Late preterm infants incur higher healthcare resource utilization when hospitalized with bronchiolitis.
  • Term infants also represent a significant HCRU burden due to bronchiolitis.
  • Findings support the potential benefit of RSV prophylaxis for both late preterm and term infants, warranting further cost-benefit analysis.

Keywords:
RSV prophylaxisbronchiolitishealth care resource utilizationlate premature infantspalivizumab

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