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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Grade III Varicocele Surgical Treatment using Spermatic Vein-Superficial Abdominal Vein Shunt
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[Varicocele testis].

Ulla Nordstrëm Joensen1, Christian Fuglesang S Jensen, Majken Højrup Wiborg

  • 1ulla.nordstroem.joensen@regionh.dk.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Varicocele testis affects 15% of men, often causing infertility. Microsurgical treatment offers the best outcomes for symptomatic patients with impaired testicular function.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Andrology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Varicocele testis is a common condition affecting 15% of the general male population.
  • It is more prevalent in infertile men and can lead to physical symptoms or fertility impairment.
  • Varicocele severity, graded 1-3, correlates with reduced semen quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review varicocele testis, its clinical presentation, and diagnostic grading.
  • To evaluate the impact of varicocele on male fertility and symptoms.
  • To discuss treatment options and outcomes, focusing on microsurgical approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on varicocele testis.
  • Analysis of clinical examination grading and its relation to semen quality.
  • Evaluation of documented treatment effects on symptoms and fertility.

Main Results:

  • Increasing varicocele grade is associated with poorer semen quality.
  • Microsurgical varicocelectomy demonstrates the lowest recurrence and complication rates.
  • Treatment is most effective for patients experiencing symptoms or impaired testicular function.

Conclusions:

  • Varicocele testis is a significant factor in male infertility.
  • Microsurgery is the preferred approach for varicocele treatment due to superior outcomes.
  • Intervention is recommended for symptomatic cases or those with evidence of affected testicular function.