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Variability of relationship between the volume scattering function at 180° and the backscattering coefficient for

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    The key parameter for interpreting lidar signals, χp(π), is sensitive to particle shape and internal structure. Using a fixed value can lead to significant errors when analyzing lidar data from diverse waters.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ocean Optics
    • Remote Sensing
    • Particle Characterization

    Background:

    • Accurate interpretation of lidar (light detection and ranging) signals for particle distribution relies on the parameter χp(π).
    • This parameter links the particulate volume scattering function (VSF) at 180° (βp(π)) to the particulate backscattering coefficient (bbp).
    • χp(π) has been understudied due to challenges in simultaneous field measurements of βp(π) and bbp.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To re-examine χp(π) and its spectral dependence using in situ VSF measurements across various waters.
    • To investigate the influence of particle shape and internal structure on the inversion of χp(π).
    • To assess the impact of using fixed χp(π) values for lidar data interpretation.

    Main Methods:

    • In situ measurement of VSFs at high angular resolution in diverse aquatic environments.
    • Inference of βp(π) using a validated VSF-inversion method.
    • Testing inversion kernels based on homogeneous spheres, asymmetric hexahedra, and coated spheres to model particle phase functions.

    Main Results:

    • Reconstructed VSFs showed good agreement (<5% difference) with measured VSFs for scattering angles <170° across all tested kernels.
    • Inferred βp(π) near 180° was strongly dependent on the inversion kernel, with sphere kernels capturing backscattering enhancement.
    • χp(π) values derived from sphere kernels aligned with direct measurements, while dependence on particle shape and internal structure was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • χp(π) is sensitive to particle shape and internal structure, necessitating careful consideration for accurate lidar signal interpretation.
    • Employing a single, fixed value for χp(π) across different water types can introduce significant errors in lidar data analysis.
    • χp(π) exhibited minimal spectral dependence in the studied waters.