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Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

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Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
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Linearized segmentation method for measuring the phase transfer function of a silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator by using

Honggang Chen, Bo Zhang, Yong Luo

    Applied Optics
    |May 14, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new linearity segmentation method accurately measures silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators (SMZMs) phase shift curves. This technique enables precise calculation of key SMZM parameters like radio frequency half-wave voltage and 3 dB bandwidth.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Photonics
    • Semiconductor Devices

    Background:

    • Silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators (SMZMs) are crucial for optical communication systems.
    • Accurate characterization of SMZM linearity and phase shift is essential for device optimization.
    • Existing methods may face limitations in precision or scope for dynamic parameter extraction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel linearity segmentation method for measuring SMZM phase shift curves.
    • To enable the calculation of phase shift as a function of applied electric field, modulation frequency, and reverse PN voltage.
    • To facilitate the extraction of key SMZM parameters from the measured phase shift curves.

    Main Methods:

    • A small sinusoidal signal is applied to the traveling-wave electrode for differential phase modulation.
    • A wavelength-adjustable local oscillator source is used for heterodyning the optical signal.
    • A balanced detector with a low-speed transimpedance amplifier performs photoelectric conversion, suppressing DC components and noise.
    • Beat-frequency and harmonic sideband signals are extracted at specific phase biases (0 and π) to calculate phase shift slopes.

    Main Results:

    • The method successfully transforms the modulated optical signal into the low-frequency electric field domain.
    • Phase shift slopes for upper and lower arms are calculated under varying reverse PN voltages.
    • The phase shift is accurately determined as a function of modulation frequency and reverse PN voltage.
    • Simulation and measurement results validate the proposed linearity segmentation method.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method provides a robust approach for characterizing SMZM linearity and phase shift.
    • Key device parameters, including radio frequency half-wave voltage, chirp characteristics, and 3 dB bandwidth, can be reliably extracted.
    • This technique enhances the ability to analyze and optimize silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators for high-performance applications.