Inner-Ear Disorders Presenting with Air-Bone Gaps: A Review.

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Neurology
• Radiology

Background:

• Air-bone gaps (ABGs) are common in conductive/mixed hearing loss, often from outer/middle ear diseases.
• ABGs can also be associated with inner ear disorders and cerebral vascular anomalies.
• Diagnosing the underlying cause of ABGs can be challenging, with many cases remaining undefined.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent updates on the clinical presentation of inner ear conditions associated with ABGs.
• To discuss the diagnostic workup for inner ear conditions presenting with ABGs.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches.
• Discussion of audiological and vestibular symptoms.
• Emphasis on the role of radiological assessment (CT/MRI).

Main Results:

• Inner ear conditions and vascular anomalies can cause ABGs, presenting with diverse audiological and vestibular symptoms.
• Clinical and audiological evaluations are suggestive but not definitive.
• Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are essential for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis of ABGs requires a comprehensive approach combining clinical, audiological, vestibular, and radiological assessments.
• Understanding the link between ABGs and inner ear/vascular conditions is crucial for effective patient management.