Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

5.1K
The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
5.1K
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

5.7K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
5.7K
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

2.9K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
2.9K
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

3.9K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
3.9K
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

3.4K
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
3.4K
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

3.7K
The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Parabrachial inputs to the parafascicular thalamus drive sensory and affective-motivational responses to cold-allodynia in mice.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

DNA repair drives cisplatin-induced neuronal death.

Cell·2026
Same author

Expression and localization of NMDA receptor GluN2 subunits in dorsal horn pain circuits across sex, species, and late postnatal development.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

A spinal substrate for modular control of natural behavior.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Scratcher: An automated machine-vision tool for dissecting the neural basis of itch.

Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Lateral hypothalamus directs stress-induced modulation of acute and psoriatic itch.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

The pyroptosis cascade between inflammatory endothelial cells and microglia facilitates BBB disruption in bacterial meningitis.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

Phage biocontrol reduces the disease burden and modulates plant immunity through suppression of bacterial virulence.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

Structural mechanisms for self-activation of protease-activated receptor 4 by tethered ligand.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

Immunotherapy with B28, an antibody to Aβ oligomers, potently decreases amyloid plaques, microgliosis, and memory decline in APP knock-in mice.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

TUSC3 serves as a rate-limiting gatekeeper of a glycan-mediated ER triage checkpoint for BMP4/Dpp.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

Activation of a Yap1-mesenchymal-like program in β-cells during diabetes.

Cell reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Mechanisms Through Automated Evaluation of Motor Learning and Myelin Plasticity Studies Using the Erasmus Ladder
08:51

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Mechanisms Through Automated Evaluation of Motor Learning and Myelin Plasticity Studies Using the Erasmus Ladder

Published on: December 15, 2023

1.9K

Cerebellospinal Neurons Regulate Motor Performance and Motor Learning.

Anupama Sathyamurthy1, Arnab Barik2, Courtney I Dobrott1

  • 1Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Cell Reports
|May 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cerebellospinal (CeS) neurons are crucial for skilled movements. Different CeS neuron pathways control forelimb performance and locomotor learning, revealing key insights into motor control networks.

Keywords:
cerebellospinalcerebellumdeep cerebellar nucleidescending pathwaysfastigialinterpositusmotor controlspinal cord

More Related Videos

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

21.9K
Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis
08:51

Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis

Published on: December 5, 2020

5.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Mechanisms Through Automated Evaluation of Motor Learning and Myelin Plasticity Studies Using the Erasmus Ladder
08:51

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Mechanisms Through Automated Evaluation of Motor Learning and Myelin Plasticity Studies Using the Erasmus Ladder

Published on: December 15, 2023

1.9K
Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

21.9K
Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis
08:51

Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis

Published on: December 5, 2020

5.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Understanding the neural basis of behavior requires mapping neuronal networks that plan, execute, and refine movements.
  • The cerebellum plays a vital role in motor control, but the specific contributions of its output pathways are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the neuroanatomical organization and behavioral functions of cerebellospinal (CeS) neurons.
  • To investigate how CeS neurons contribute to distinct aspects of skilled motor behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized intersectional genetic techniques to identify and study CeS neurons.
  • Combined neuroanatomical tracing with behavioral analyses to assess motor control functions.

Main Results:

  • CeS neurons are a small population of excitatory neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (fastigial and interpositus).
  • These neurons project to premotor circuits in the ventral spinal cord and brain.
  • Distinct CeS neuron populations control skilled forelimb movements (ipsilateral cervical projection) and skilled locomotor learning (contralateral cervical projection).

Conclusions:

  • CeS neurons are a critical component of the neural circuitry underlying skilled movements.
  • The findings provide insights into the organizational principles of motor control networks within the nervous system.