Almond skin extract mediated optimally biosynthesized antibacterial silver nanoparticles enable selective and...

The safety of drinking water is one of the most important public health issues as very high concentrations of metal like iron acts as a useful surrogate for other heavy metals. The present study demonstrates the use of almond skin extract (ASE) for simple and rapid synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the development of a highly selective and sensitive colorimetric method for the detection of Fe⁺² in water samples. The optimization of various biogenic synthesis parameters showed ASE:AgNO₃ ratio of 4:1,1 mM of AgNO₃, pH 6 and incubation for 10 min at 70 °C were the optimum conditions. The test of antibacterial activity against widely used, representative Gram-negative and positive bacteria showed that AgNPs exhibit good activity against all five tested bacterial strains and comparatively were more effective against Gram-negative bacteria. Further, the test of AgNPs as a colorimetric probe for the detection of 20 different metal ions demonstrated that AgNPs were highly selective and sensitive towards the detection of Fe⁺². The study of sensitivity of Fe⁺² detection showed 245 ppm as the Limit of detection whereas, the intra-day recovery of Fe⁺² in the range of 87.2-100.1 % with %RSD in the range of 4.2-6.5 % and inter-day recovery of Fe⁺² in the range of 92.02-96.59 % with %RSD in the range of 2.9-3.8 % demonstrated the excellent precision and accuracy of the assay method. Thus, our AgNPs based selective and sensitive assay can be applied to the analysis of iron in drinking water samples.