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Modeling Cardiovascular Diseases with hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes in 2D and 3D Cultures
Claudia Sacchetto1,2, Libero Vitiello2,3, Leon J de Windt1
1Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Insights
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) advance cardiac disease modeling. Three-dimensional (3D) hiPSC models show improved cardiomyocyte maturation compared to traditional 2D cultures, aiding research and drug development.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Stem Cell Biology
- Cardiovascular Research
Background:
- Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are crucial for developing advanced cardiac disease models.
- Traditional 2D cell cultures of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) exhibit immaturity and lack crucial cell-matrix interactions.
- Limitations in 2D cultures hinder comprehensive studies of cardiac diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in 2D and 3D hiPSC technology for cardiac research.
- To highlight the benefits of 3D constructs in overcoming 2D culture limitations.
- To discuss applications in cardiac disease mechanism investigation, drug development, and therapeutic studies.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on hiPSC-based cardiac models.
- Comparison of 2D and 3D cell culture systems for hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.
- Analysis of bioengineering and co-culture strategies for enhanced cardiomyocyte maturation.
Main Results:
- 3D hiPSC-derived constructs promote enhanced structural and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes.
- Biochemical and physical stimuli in 3D systems improve hiPS-CM properties.
- 3D models offer more physiologically relevant environments for studying cardiac diseases.
Conclusions:
- 3D hiPSC technology represents a significant improvement over 2D cultures for cardiac research.
- Advanced 3D models are vital for accurate cardiac disease modeling, drug screening, and therapeutic development.
- Future research should leverage 3D hiPSC systems for deeper insights into cardiovascular conditions.
Abstract:
In the last decade, the generation of cardiac disease models based on human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has become of common use, providing new opportunities to overcome the lack of appropriate cardiac models. Although much progress has been made toward the generation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs), several lines of evidence indicate that two-dimensional (2D) cell culturing presents significant limitations, including hiPS-CMs immaturity and the absence of interaction between different cell types and the extracellular matrix. More recently, new advances in bioengineering and co-culture systems have allowed the generation of three-dimensional (3D) constructs based on hiPSC-derived cells. Within these systems, biochemical and physical stimuli influence the maturation of hiPS-CMs, which can show structural and functional properties more similar to those present in adult cardiomyocytes. In this review, we describe the latest advances in 2D- and 3D-hiPSC technology for cardiac disease mechanisms investigation, drug development, and therapeutic studies.
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