Design of an ultra-broadband near-perfect bilayer grating metamaterial absorber based on genetic algorithm

An ultra-broadband metamaterial absorber, consisting of 2D SiO₂-Ti square bilayer grating on SiO₂ film and Ti substrate, is proposed and designed by rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and genetic algorithm (GA) methods. The optimized structure shows an average absorption of 98.3% in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 2100 nm. Moreover, the metamaterial absorber is polarization-independent and also insensitive to incidence angle for both TM- and TE-polarized waves. The physical mechanisms responsible for nearly perfect broadband absorption, including the Wood's anomaly (WA), cavity resonance (CR), surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and the resonance of magnetic polaritons (MPs), have been analyzed clearly by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit model. Overall, the proposed metamaterial absorber is a promising candidate in solar applications.