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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Coherence time characterization method for hard X-ray free-electron lasers.

Guanqun Zhou, Yi Jiao, Tor O Raubenheimer

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    |May 15, 2020
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    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new method uses a phase shifter to measure the coherence time of hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) pulses. This technique overcomes limitations of traditional autocorrelation methods for hard X-rays.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Coherence time is a key property of light sources, crucial for applications.
    • Autocorrelation methods are standard for characterizing coherence time in optical and soft X-ray domains.
    • Implementing autocorrelation for hard X-rays is challenging due to the lack of suitable mirrors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and numerically validate a novel approach for characterizing the coherence time of hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) pulses.
    • To overcome the limitations of existing autocorrelation techniques in the hard X-ray regime.
    • To provide a reliable method for temporal coherence diagnostics in hard X-ray FELs.

    Main Methods:

    • A phase shifter is employed to control the correlation between X-ray pulses and microbunched electrons.
    • Coherence time is extracted by analyzing the cross-correlation signal.
    • The method is validated using semi-analytical analysis and 3D time-dependent numerical simulations.

    Main Results:

    • A coherence time of 218.2 attoseconds was obtained for 6.92 keV X-ray FEL pulses in simulations.
    • The simulation was based on the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) configuration.
    • The proposed approach demonstrates successful numerical validation.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel cross-correlation method effectively characterizes the coherence time of hard X-ray FELs.
    • This technique is independent of specific machine parameters and applicable across various photon energies and FEL configurations.
    • It offers a valuable diagnostic tool for advancing hard X-ray FEL science.