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Simple autofocusing method by image processing using transmission images for large-scale two-photon lithography.

Yoko Fujishiro, Taichi Furukawa, Shoji Maruo

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    |May 15, 2020
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    Summary

    A new autofocusing technique for two-photon lithography uses image processing of polymerized voxels. This method achieves high accuracy, enabling cost-effective fabrication of microstructures without extra equipment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microfabrication
    • Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Conventional two-photon lithography (2PL) systems often require complex or expensive autofocusing mechanisms.
    • Precise focal control is critical for high-resolution 3D microfabrication using 2PL.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a simple and cost-effective autofocusing technique for two-photon lithography.
    • To integrate autofocusing capabilities into existing 2PL systems without additional hardware.

    Main Methods:

    • Autofocusing is achieved through image processing of transmission images of photopolymerized voxels.
    • Optimal low-pass filtering is employed to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of transmission images for accurate voxel detection.
    • Focal point detection is performed using difference imaging, achieving approximately 250 nm accuracy.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated successful mass-fabrication of a 5 × 5 spiral square array (900 × 900 µm²).
    • The autofocusing method achieved high precision in focal point detection.
    • The technique requires no additional optical components, simplifying system design.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed image-processing-based autofocusing technique is a simple, effective, and low-cost solution for two-photon lithography.
    • This method facilitates the construction of versatile and compact 2PL apparatus.
    • Potential applications include advanced microfabrication and the development of more accessible 3D printing technologies.