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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
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Lateral forces on particles induced by magnetic spin-orbit coupling.

Yanan Fu, Yuquan Zhang, Changjun Min

    Optics Express
    |May 15, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers discovered a new lateral optical force generated by the magnetic field

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Nanotechnology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Optical forces enable precise particle manipulation.
    • Spin-orbit coupling of light's electric field creates lateral forces on metal nanoparticles.
    • Understanding light-matter interactions is key for advanced optical technologies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate lateral optical forces arising from the spin-orbit coupling of light's magnetic field.
    • To explore particle manipulation on dielectric platforms using magnetic spin-orbit coupling.
    • To demonstrate control over these forces through structural and material properties.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed a gapped structure with a dielectric particle near a photonic crystal surface.
    • Studied the excitation of Bloch surface waves and their spin-dependent nature.

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  • Analyzed the influence of structural parameters and magnetic resonance modes on lateral forces.

    • Main Results:

    • Confirmed that spin-orbit coupling of magnetic fields also generates lateral optical forces.
    • Identified the excitation of Bloch surface waves as the source of this force.
    • Demonstrated tunability of the lateral force by altering the gapped structure and exploiting magnetic resonance.

    Conclusions:

    • The study reveals a novel magnetic spin-orbit coupling mechanism for lateral optical forces.
    • This finding expands the understanding of light-matter interactions in optical tweezers.
    • It paves the way for advanced particle manipulation techniques on dielectric surfaces.