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Ranging performance model considering the pulse pileup effect for PMT-based photon-counting lidars.

Zhiyu Zhang, Yue Ma, Song Li

    Optics Express
    |May 15, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The dead time of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in photon-counting lidar is not fixed and causes ranging errors. This study introduces a new model accounting for changeable dead time due to pulse pileup, improving lidar performance accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Lidar Technology
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Traditional ranging performance models for photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based photon-counting lidar simplify dead time as a fixed value.
    • This simplification introduces significant bias because PMT dead time is variable, influenced by the pulse pileup effect.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a more accurate ranging performance model for PMT-based photon-counting lidar systems.
    • To investigate the impact of pulse pileup on lidar ranging accuracy by incorporating changeable dead time.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a new empirical equation for dead time calculation based on Monte Carlo simulations.
    • Derived a novel ranging performance model for PMT-based PC lidar systems using the empirical dead time equation.
    • Validated the proposed model with an experimental lidar system equipped with a PMT.

    Main Results:

    • The receiving pulse width significantly influences lidar ranging accuracy.
    • Pulse pileup effects introduce biases exceeding 5 cm when the receiving pulse width surpasses 10 ns if the conventional model is used.
    • The pulse pileup effect is critical for spaceborne lidar, especially when illuminating sloping surfaces.

    Conclusions:

    • The conventional lidar model's assumption of fixed dead time is inadequate and leads to ranging errors.
    • The proposed model, which accounts for changeable dead time, offers improved accuracy for PMT-based PC lidar systems.
    • Accurate consideration of pulse pileup effects is essential for high-precision lidar applications, including spaceborne systems.