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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

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Single-pulse, Kerr-effect Mueller matrix LiDAR polarimeter.

Christian K Keyser, Richard K Martin, Helena Lopez-Aviles

    Optics Express
    |May 15, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a new light detection and ranging (LiDAR) polarimeter using Kerr phase modulation. It measures 12 Mueller matrix elements in a single 10 ns pulse, demonstrating a novel approach for polarization state generation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Remote Sensing Technologies
    • Polarimetry

    Background:

    • Mueller matrix polarimetry is crucial for characterizing light-scattering materials.
    • Existing methods often require multiple measurements or slower acquisition times.
    • Advanced polarization state generators (PSGs) are needed for faster, more comprehensive measurements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate a novel LiDAR polarimeter capable of rapid Mueller matrix element measurement.
    • To utilize Kerr phase modulation in a birefringent optical fiber for polarization state generation.
    • To compare the performance of Kerr effect-based PSG with electro-optic modulator-based PSG.

    Main Methods:

    • A new polarization state generator (PSG) employing Kerr phase modulation in a birefringent optical fiber was designed.

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  • Theoretical expressions for the PSG Stokes vector were derived, considering birefringent walk-off.
  • A time-dependent polarimeter signal model with multiple polarization state analyzers (PSAs) was developed.
  • Experimental validation of the Kerr effect PSG was performed.

    • Main Results:

    • The novel LiDAR polarimeter successfully measured 12 out of 16 Mueller matrix elements in a single 10 ns pulse.
    • The Kerr effect PSG generates a probe pulse with temporally varying polarization.
    • Polarimeter modeling indicated comparable performance between Kerr effect and electro-optic modulator-based PSGs.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed Kerr effect-based LiDAR polarimeter offers a significant advancement in rapid Mueller matrix measurement.
    • This technology enables faster characterization of scattering samples compared to conventional methods.
    • The study validates the effectiveness of Kerr phase modulation for advanced polarimetric sensing.