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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
349
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

637
Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
637
Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

239
Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
239
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers01:12

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers

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Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are a group of medications that can prolong action potentials in the heart. They achieve this by blocking potassium channels or enhancing inward currents from sodium channels. However, these drugs have a unique property of "reverse use-dependence," which is most pronounced at slower heart rates and can lead to torsades de pointes—a specific type of arrhythmia. However, it is essential to note that excessive QT interval prolongation—a measure of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Isolation of Human Atrial Myocytes for Simultaneous Measurements of Ca2+ Transients and Membrane Currents
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[Bile acids in arrhythmia].

J J Yan1, H Q Fan1, L Yang1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi = Zhonghua Ganzangbing Zazhi = Chinese Journal of Hepatology
|May 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High bile acid levels can cause serious heart arrhythmias, affecting fetuses more severely. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) shows promise as a heart-protective agent against these arrhythmias.

Keywords:
ArrhythmiaBile acidMuscarinic M2 receptorsUrsodeoxycholic acid

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Elevated bile acid levels are increasingly linked to various cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Fetuses exhibit heightened susceptibility to bile acid-induced arrhythmias compared to adults.
  • Mechanisms include direct ion channel effects, receptor-mediated pathways, and vagal influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of bile acids in cardiac arrhythmia development.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which bile acids induce arrhythmias.
  • To explore the antiarrhythmic potential of Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bile acids and cardiac function.
  • Analysis of research on arrhythmia mechanisms.
  • Examination of data on UDCA's cardiovascular effects.

Main Results:

  • High bile acid concentrations correlate with arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation and heart block.
  • Specific pathways affected by bile acids include ion transport and autonomic signaling.
  • Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) demonstrates cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic properties.

Conclusions:

  • Bile acids are significant contributors to cardiac arrhythmia, with distinct mechanisms of action.
  • UDCA represents a potential therapeutic agent for managing bile acid-related arrhythmias.
  • Further research is warranted to fully understand bile acid-cardiac interactions.