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Risk factors of malnutrition in Chinese children with congenital heart defect

Mingjie Zhang1, Liping Wang1, Rui Huang1

  • 1Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.

BMC Pediatrics
|May 15, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Malnutrition significantly impacts children with congenital heart defects (CHD) in China, particularly before surgery. Enhanced nutritional support is crucial, as factors like hospitalization and pulmonary hypertension are linked to preoperative malnutrition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Malnutrition is a significant concern for children with congenital heart defects (CHD).
  • Prevalence and risk factors for malnutrition in this population in China require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the risk factors associated with malnutrition in children with CHD in China.
  • To assess the impact of surgical intervention and postoperative factors on nutritional status.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study included 3252 pediatric patients with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery.
  • Nutritional status was assessed using weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), and height-for-age Z-score (HAZ).
  • Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with preoperative and postoperative malnutrition.

Main Results:

  • Preoperative malnutrition prevalence: 23.3% underweight, 23.3% stunting, 14.3% wasting.
  • Preoperative malnutrition linked to hospitalization, age at surgery, surgical risk, mechanical ventilation, pulmonary hypertension, and heart defect type.
  • Postoperative malnutrition associated with residual cardiac abnormalities, heart function classification, and diuretic use.

Conclusions:

  • Malnutrition remains a challenge for pediatric CHD patients in China, especially preoperatively.
  • Strengthening preoperative nutritional support is essential.
  • Hemodynamic factors are key risk factors for malnutrition after surgery.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiac surgeryChildrenCongenital heart diseaseMalnutrition

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