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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens.

David M P De Oliveira1,2, Brian M Forde1,2, Timothy J Kidd1,2

  • 1School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|May 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens poses a global health crisis, necessitating urgent surveillance and new treatment strategies. This threat demands enhanced patient care and robust stewardship practices to combat rising infection rates and mortality.

Keywords:
AcinetobacterEnterobacterEnterobacteralesEnterococcusKlebsiellaPseudomonas aeruginosaStaphylococcus aureusantibiotic resistancemultidrug resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species) are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections.
  • Antimicrobial resistance in these pathogens significantly limits treatment options, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.
  • The rise of multidrug-resistant organisms necessitates a global approach to surveillance and control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the global threat posed by antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE pathogens.
  • To emphasize the need for coordinated global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.
  • To underscore the importance of developing novel antimicrobial therapies and enhancing stewardship practices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on ESKAPE pathogens and antimicrobial resistance.
  • Analysis of the impact of antimicrobial resistance on treatment outcomes and public health.
  • Discussion of strategies for improved surveillance, patient care, and stewardship.

Main Results:

  • ESKAPE pathogens are a primary driver of antimicrobial resistance globally.
  • Treatment failures due to resistance lead to increased mortality and healthcare costs.
  • Existing antimicrobial agents are becoming increasingly ineffective against these pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • A coordinated global response is critical for antimicrobial resistance surveillance.
  • Development of new antimicrobial therapies is urgently needed.
  • Enhanced patient care and stringent stewardship practices are essential to mitigate the threat.