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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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[Function and physiology of the maxillary sinus].

H L Sieron1, F Sommer2, T K Hoffmann2

  • 1Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland. hannah.sieron@uniklinik-ulm.de.

HNO
|May 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The exact function of paranasal sinuses (PS) remains debated. Current evidence suggests maxillary sinuses support nasal immunity via nitric oxide (NO) production and protect the brain and orbit from trauma.

Keywords:
Nitrogen monoxideParanasal sinusesRespiratory systemTraumaVoice

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Anatomy
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The precise function of the maxillary sinus and paranasal sinuses (PS) has been a long-standing debate in scientific literature.
  • Numerous theories and speculations have arisen over the centuries regarding their physiological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize historical and current theories on the physiology and functions of the maxillary sinus and PS.
  • To present scientifically evidenced functions based on a literature search.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed.
  • Keywords included "physiology," "function," "maxillary sinus," and "paranasal sinuses."

Main Results:

  • The maxillary sinuses may enhance nasal respiratory function.
  • They are crucial for producing nitric oxide (NO), bolstering nasal cavity immune defense.
  • Additional functions include protecting the orbit and brain from fractures and reducing skull weight.

Conclusions:

  • The exact functions of the PS are still not fully elucidated.
  • Key roles include local immune defense through NO synthesis and acting as a protective buffer for the brain in craniocerebral trauma.