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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
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Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
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Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

Nose and Nasal Cavity

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The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
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Olfactory Dysfunction in the COVID-19 Outbreak.

A Izquierdo-Dominguez1,2,3, M J Rojas-Lechuga4,5,6, J Mullol4,5,6

  • 1Allergy Department, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.

Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology
|May 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sudden loss of smell is a common COVID-19 symptom, affecting 5-85% of patients. Early testing and isolation are recommended for those with severe smell dysfunction.

Keywords:
AnosmiaCOVID-19CoronavirusLoss of smellSARS-CoV-2Taste disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, rapidly became a global health emergency.
  • Clinical symptoms range from mild to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), including fever, cough, and shortness of breath.
  • Postviral olfactory dysfunction is an emerging concern associated with the pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze current literature on postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) linked to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
  • To highlight the variability in reported prevalence of smell loss among COVID-19 patients.
  • To provide guidance for managing patients presenting with sudden smell dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of existing scientific literature was conducted.
  • Data on COVID-19 symptoms and olfactory dysfunction were systematically analyzed.
  • Literature search focused on reports detailing smell loss in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of smell loss in COVID-19 patients varies widely, from 5% to 85% in reported studies.
  • This heterogeneity underscores the need for further research into the mechanisms and impact of PVOD.
  • Sudden, severe smell loss can be a significant indicator of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions:

  • Sudden and severe olfactory dysfunction is a notable symptom in COVID-19 patients.
  • Home isolation, social distancing, and SARS-CoV-2 testing are advised for individuals with acute smell loss.
  • Prompt evaluation and management are crucial for patients experiencing significant smell dysfunction.